Ancient Judaism and Christian origins : diversity, continuity, and transformation /

Ancient Judaism and Christian origins : diversity, continuity, and transformation /

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator: Nickelsburg, George W. E., 1934-
Format: Book
Language:English
Imprint: Minneapolis : Fortress Press, [2003]
Subjects:
Post-exilic period, 586 B.C.-210 A.D
Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600
Judaism > History > Post-exilic period, 586 B.C.-210 A.D.
Judaism.
History.
Judaism > Post-exilic period (Judaism)
Church history > Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600.
Church history.
Church history > Primitive and early church.
Judaism > Relations > Christianity.
Relations.
Christianity.
Christianity and other religions > Judaism.
Christianity and other religions.
Retention:Retained for Eastern Academic Scholars' Trust (EAST) http://eastlibraries.org/retained-materials
Table of Contents:
  • Preface
  • Abbreviations
  • Introduction
  • The Renewed Study of Early Judaism
  • Implications for the Study of Christian Origins
  • Historical
  • Theological
  • Methodological
  • The Task and Scope of This Book
  • 1.. Scripture and Tradition
  • The Situation in Early Judaism
  • The Extent of the Authoritative Corpus
  • Manuscripts from the Caves of the Judean Desert
  • The Components of the Canon
  • The Developing Text of the Hebrew Bible
  • Scripture in Its Interpretive Context
  • The "Rewritten Bible": The Rise of Haggadah
  • Interpretation of the Prophetic Texts
  • The Servant of the Lord: A Multivalent Symbol
  • Summary
  • Scripture in the Early Church
  • The Biblical Canon of the Early Church
  • The Text of Scripture
  • Biblical Interpretation in the Early Church
  • The Church Read Scripture within Its Traditional Interpretations
  • The Use of Rabbinic Traditions in New Testament Exegesis
  • Jewish Precedents for the Rise and Development of the Jesus Tradition
  • The Creation of Narrative Haggadah about Jesus
  • The Development of the Synoptic Tradition
  • Disagreements over the Bible and Its Interpretation: A Cause for "Unbelief"
  • 2.. Torah and the Righteous Life
  • A Theological Problem for the Church
  • Torah in the Hebrew Scriptures
  • The Covenantal Context of Torah
  • Torah as Instruction Rather Than Simply Law
  • The Prevalence of Torah and Covenant in the Hebrew Scriptures
  • The Wisdom Literature: A Special Case
  • Divine Justice and Grace
  • Torah and the Righteous Life in Early Judaism
  • The Role of Torah during the Antiochan Persecution
  • Faith and Obedient Action in the Jewish Texts
  • Torah and the Wisdom Tradition
  • Wisdom apart from the Mosaic Torah
  • Who Are "the Righteous" and "the Sinners"?
  • Summary: What the Texts Indicate and Do Not Indicate
  • The Development of Halakah and the Rise of Sectarianism
  • A Note on Rabbinic Halakic Texts
  • The Heritage of Deuteronomic Theology: The Dynamics of Lawmaking and Legal Interpretation in the Book of Jubilees
  • Enochic Law
  • The Sectarian Torah of Qumran
  • Sect and Revealed Torah
  • Halakah as the Updating of Torah
  • Summary: The Responsibility to Act Righteously
  • Torah and Grace in Judaism
  • Torah and the Righteous Life in Early Christianity
  • Divine Judgment on the Basis of Human Deeds
  • Justification and the Righteous Life in Paul
  • A Spectrum of Early Christian Attitudes about the Torah
  • Paul's Christian Predecessors and Contemporaries
  • Torah and Halakah in the Synoptic Jesus Tradition
  • Wisdom Instruction and the Righteous Life
  • Hellenistic Models for New Testament Ethical Instruction
  • The Synoptics and Paul: Christological Models and Ethical Teaching
  • Summary
  • 3.. God's Activity in Behalf of Humanity
  • Models in Jewish Texts
  • Deliverance Is a Pervasive Motif
  • Two Major Developments
  • The Cosmic Character of Evil
  • Locating Decisive Deliverance in the Eschaton
  • Salvation from Sin and Its Consequences
  • The Sacrificial System
  • Exilic Alternatives to the Sacrificial System
  • Continuations of These Developments
  • Suffering as Scourging, Discipline, or Chastisement
  • Martyrdom as Expiation and Propitiation
  • Righteous Deeds as a Means of Atonement
  • Prayers of Confession
  • Eschatological Cleansing and a Heavenly High Priest
  • Salvation from One's Enemies
  • Eschatological Judgment and Deliverance
  • Salvation within History
  • A Tension between Ideologies and Ambiguity about the Eschaton
  • Healing and Rescue from Death
  • Salvation as Revelation
  • The Scope of Divine Blessing and Salvation
  • A Spectrum of Biblical Attitudes
  • Salvation for the Nations
  • Israel versus the Nations
  • Interpretations of Idols and Idolatry
  • Sectarian Judaism
  • God's Interaction with Humanity according to Early Christianity
  • Salvation from Sin
  • Jesus' Death for Others
  • Attitudes about the Temple
  • Salvation through Repentance
  • The Humanity of the Son of God and the Transcendence of His Spirit: A Solution for the Anthropological Problem of Sin
  • Rescue from One's Enemies
  • Salvation as Healing
  • Salvation as Revelation
  • The Scope of Salvation
  • Sectarianism in the Context of Universalism
  • Summary
  • 4.. Agents of God's Activity
  • God's Agents in Early Judaism
  • When God Acts Alone
  • Human Agents
  • The King
  • The High Priest and Cult
  • Prophets and Revealer Figures
  • Transcendent Agents
  • The Holy Watchers: Attendants and Agents of the Heavenly King
  • The Four or Seven Holy Watchers
  • Witnesses, Scribes, Intercessors
  • Executors of God's Judgment
  • General of the Army
  • God's High Priest
  • Melchizedek
  • Raphael: God's Healer
  • Messengers and Interpreters
  • Facilitators of Righteousness
  • Guardians and Governors of the Cosmos
  • God's Vice-Regent: "One Like a Son of Man"
  • Two Major Transcendent Figures
  • Wisdom
  • The Enochic Son of Man/Chosen One/Righteous One
  • The Lord's Persecuted and Exalted Spokesman: A Synthesis and Transition
  • Summary
  • Early Christian Speculation about Jesus
  • Jesus as God's Unique Agent
  • New Testament Models of the Messiah
  • Davidic King
  • Anointed Priest
  • Son of Man
  • The Righteous One and Servant of the Lord
  • God's Spokesman, the Mouthpiece of Wisdom
  • The Incarnation of Preexistent Wisdom and Logos
  • Philippians 2:6-11: A Problematic Text
  • The Gospel according to Mark: Son of Man and Son of God
  • Jesus as Healer
  • The Exaltation of Jesus: The Foundation of Christology
  • Jewish "Unbelief"
  • Jesus' "Messianic Consciousness"
  • Summary
  • 5.. Eschatology
  • The Bible's Developing Eschatological Tendency
  • Jeremiah and Ezekiel
  • Second and Third Isaiah
  • The Legacy of Prophecy
  • Jewish Writings of the Greco-Roman Period
  • The Apocalypses in 1 Enoch and Daniel
  • Teleology and the Fulfillment of Prophecy
  • Pseudepigraphic Apocalypses and the Fulfillment of Prophecy
  • Qumran: An Eclectic, Eschatologically Oriented Community
  • The Eschatology of Some Heavily Hellenized Jewish Texts
  • Eschatology: A Common Horizon Seen from Many Points of View
  • Variations on a Common Theme
  • Messianism
  • The Kingdom of God
  • Resurrection, Immorality, and Eternal Life
  • The locus of the New Age
  • The Distinction between Eschatology and Apocalypticism
  • Eschatological Timetables
  • Realized Eschatology
  • The Lack of Explicit Eschatology
  • Summary
  • The Eschatological Orientation of Early Christianity
  • John the Baptist--Herald of the End Time
  • When the End Is Not Yet the End
  • The Tension between Present and Future in the Early Jesus Tradition
  • Fulfillment and Expectation in the Epistles of Paul
  • The Presence of Eschatological Realities in the Post-Pauline Tradition
  • Fulfillment and Postponement in Luke
  • The Presence of Judgment and Eternal Life in the Fourth Gospel
  • Resurrection, Immortality, and Eternal Life
  • The Resurrection and Exaltation of Jesus
  • Modes of Resurrection and Eternal Life
  • The Locus of Final Salvation
  • Jewish Responses to the Gospel: A Noneschatological Horizon
  • Summary
  • 6.. Contexts and Settings
  • Ancient Texts as Historical Artifacts
  • Responses to Troubled Times
  • Geographic Location
  • Judaism and Hellenism
  • Temple, Cult, and Priesthood
  • The Synagogue
  • Religious Groups
  • Sources
  • Methodology
  • The Pharisees
  • The Sadducees
  • The Essenes and the Qumran Community
  • The Hasidim
  • Other Groups, Communities, and Sects
  • Summary
  • Variety among Jewish Groups and Sects
  • Early Christianity and Its Relationship to Sectarian Judaism
  • 7.. Conclusions and Implications
  • Diversity within Early Judaism and Early Christianity: A Comparison
  • Scripture and Tradition
  • Torah and the Righteous Life
  • God's Activity in Behalf of Humanity
  • Agents of God's Activity
  • Eschatology
  • Contexts and Settings
  • Judaism and Early Christianity: Where They Differed and Why They Parted
  • The Consequences of These Events
  • The Curious Irony of Gentile Christian Exclusivism
  • The Triumph of Christianity without the Torah
  • A Denigrating Comparison of Judaism and Christianity
  • The Backwash of Christian Apocalyptic Eschatology
  • Looking to the Future: Some Possibilities
  • Three Axioms for Exegetical and Historical Study
  • Exegetical and Historical Possibilities
  • Theological and Practical Consequences
  • Notes
  • Index of Passages Cited
  • Index of Authors

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