Integrative Organismal Biology.

Integrative Organismal Biology.

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator: Martin, Lynn B.
Format: eBook Electronic
Language:English
Imprint: Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2015.
Series:New York Academy of Sciences Ser.
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Local Note:Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2022. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes on Contributors
  • Chapter 1 Plasticity, Complexity, and the Individual
  • Introduction
  • Bridging the Conceptual Divide
  • Integrative Organismal Biology: Progress to Date
  • Phenotypic Plasticity: The Link between Individuals, Environments, and Evolution
  • A Brief History and Review
  • Plasticity 101: A Q&amp
  • A Session
  • Same Wine, New Bottle: Shifting to a Reaction Norm Perspective
  • Where will Reaction Norm Thinking Lead?
  • The Problem of Complexity
  • A Brief History of Biological Complexity
  • Embracing the Individual and the Union of Functional and Evolutionary Biology
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 2 The Ecological and Evolutionary Importance of Variation in Life History Reaction Norms
  • Introduction
  • The Reaction Norm Approach and Individual by Environment Interactions (I × E)
  • Why Do Reaction Norms Vary?
  • Causes and Consequences of Variation in Avian Phenological Plasticity
  • Integrating Field and Laboratory Studies of Life History Plasticity
  • The Challenges Ahead
  • References
  • Chapter 3 Curve-Thinking: Understanding Reaction Norms and Developmental Trajectories as Traits
  • Introduction
  • Characterizing Curves
  • Variation among Curves
  • Simplicity and Biological Hypotheses
  • Summary and Future Directions
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter 4 Plasticity and Personality
  • Animal Personality: Moving beyond Optimality and Embracing Individual Differences
  • Individual Differences in Behavioral Plasticity
  • Personality-Related Differences in Plasticity
  • Adaptive Explanations for Personality-Related Differences in Plasticity
  • Ecological and Evolutionary Implications of Personality and Plasticity
  • Genetic and Environmental Underpinnings
  • Designs to Study Personality-Related Differences in Plasticity.
  • Conclusions and Future Directions
  • References
  • Chapter 5 Induction and Function of Polyphenic Morphs: Proximate Regulatory Mechanisms and Evolutionary Implications
  • Introduction
  • Background
  • Focus of This Review
  • Background on Endocrinology and Gene Regulation
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Studies - Gene Expression
  • Case Studies
  • Dispersal Polyphenism in Locusts, Aphids, and Crickets
  • Wing Polyphenism in Bicyclus Butterflies and Horn Polyphenism in Dung Beetles
  • Phenotypic Plasticity of Anuran Development
  • Summary and Future Directions
  • Endocrine Control
  • Genomic Studies of Morph Determination and Development
  • Metabolism, Growth, Nutrient Acquisition
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter 6 Evolutionary Systems Biology: Shifting Focus to the Context-Dependency of Genetic Effects
  • Introduction
  • Two Ends of the Spectrum in Evolutionary Biology
  • Context-Dependency in Population Genetics: Epistasis
  • Genetic Effects Structured by Development: Pleiotropy
  • What Are the Consequences of Context-Dependency?
  • How Prevalent Is Variation in Pleiotropy?
  • What Mechanism Underlies Genetic Context-Dependency of Pleiotropy?
  • Implications of SPC for Developmental Complexity and Population Variation
  • Generalizing SPC Model: Interaction of Gene Effects, or Effects of Interactions?
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 7 The Role of Ecological Epigenetics in Integrative Biology
  • Introduction
  • Epigenetics, Phenotype, and Inheritance
  • Models of Epigenetic Variation
  • Ecological Epigenetics
  • Epigenetics and Invasive Species Biology
  • Epigenetics and Response to the Environment
  • Epigenetics and Development
  • Case Study: Arabidopsis Thaliana
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 8 An Elephant in the Fog: Unifying Concepts of Physiological Stasis and Change
  • Introduction
  • Elaborations of Stasis and Change.
  • 1. Homeostasis
  • 2. Enantiostasis
  • 3. Proteostasis
  • 4. Rheostasis
  • 5. Allostasis
  • 6. The Reactive Scope Model
  • 7. Physiological Regulatory Networks (PRNs)
  • 8. Homeostatic noise
  • Axes of (Dis)similarity
  • Fixed versus Changing Setpoints
  • Reactive versus Anticipatory
  • Simple versus Complex (or Low-level versus High-level Biological Organization)
  • Short versus Long Time Scales
  • Constructing a Conceptual Elephant
  • Unification Diffuses Concepts and Tools
  • Extensible, Overlapping Time Scales
  • Partitioning Variance
  • Costs and Constraints
  • Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter 9 Physiological Regulatory Networks: The Orchestra of Life?
  • Introduction
  • What is a Physiological Regulatory Network (PRN)?
  • Known and Expected Characteristics of PRNs
  • Organismal Implications of PRNs: Stability and Resiliency
  • Ecological and Evolutionary Implications of PRNs: Constraints and Evolvability
  • Open Issues
  • Conclusion
  • Glossary
  • References
  • Chapter 10 Integrating Costs of Reproduction between the Sexes
  • Introduction
  • Integrating Costs of Reproduction through Common Currencies
  • Intralocus Sexual Conflict and Life-History Evolution
  • Immunocompetence Handicaps and Sex-Specific Costs
  • Integrating Sex-Specific Processes through Shared Regulatory Axes
  • Summary
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter 11 Immune Systems: Linking Organisms, Populations, and Evolution through Disease
  • Introduction
  • Immune Systems: A Brief Overview
  • Proposed Divers of Immune Heterogeneity
  • Consequences of Immune Heterogeneity: Theoretical Studies
  • Consequences of Immune Heterogeneity: Empirical Studies
  • Bridging the Divide between Theory and Experiment
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter 12 Developmental Plasticity of Individual Variation in Stress Responses
  • Introduction.
  • When is a Change in Environment a Stressor?
  • Allostasis Model
  • Reactive Scope Model
  • Organismal Responses to Stressors
  • Hormonal Responses
  • Regulators of the Adrenocortical Responses
  • Integrating Developmental Plasticity
  • Irreversible Developmental Plasticity vs. Reversible Phenotypic Flexibility
  • Adaptive Significance of the Phenotypic Modification
  • Framework Linking Parental Investment, Physiological Mediators, Regulators, and Offspring Phenotype
  • Future Directions
  • Individual Variation in Responses to Stressor and Fitness Consequences
  • Epigenetic Modifications by Stressors
  • Multidimensional Connections among Physiological Mediators
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 13 A Common Framework for the Regulation of Growth and Size: Stepping Away from the Trees to See the Forest
  • Introduction
  • A General Framework for the Regulation of Growth and Body Size
  • Commonalities in the Regulation of Body Size Across Taxa
  • 1. The Decision Point
  • 2. The Terminal Growth Period (TGP)
  • 3. The Cessation of Growth
  • 4. Growth Rate
  • Using the Framework to Address the Ecology and Evolution of Growth and Size
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter 14 Adding Fuel to the "Fire of Life'': Energy Budgets across Levels of Variation in Ectotherms and Endotherms
  • Introduction
  • Intrinsic Factors that Explain Variation in MR
  • Extrinsic Factors that Explain Variation in MR
  • Energy Budgets
  • Increased-Intake and Allocation Models
  • Context-Dependence Hypothesis and the Y-model
  • From Individuals to Species
  • Metabolic Scopes: A Different Kind of Energetic Budgeting
  • Energetic Constraints on Individual Behavior
  • Spontaneous Activity
  • Foraging
  • Habitat Selection
  • Conclusions and Future Perspectives
  • References
  • Chapter 15 Biological Timekeeping: Individual Variation, Performance, and Fitness
  • Introduction.
  • Endogenous versus Environmental Drivers
  • Responses to Entrainment by Endogenous Clocks Varies over Their Cycle
  • General Properties of Biological Rhythms
  • Circadian Rhythms
  • Adaptive Value of Endogenous Circadian Clocks
  • Circannual Cycles and Seasonality
  • Overview and Introduction
  • Physiological Mechanisms of Annual Cycles
  • Adaptive Value of Seasonality
  • Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter 16 Senescence: Integrating Biology from Cradle to the Grave
  • Introduction
  • Ultimate Theories of Aging
  • Proximate Theories of Aging
  • Somatic Mutation Theory
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Telomeres
  • Hormonal Pathways
  • Network Theories of Aging
  • Future Directions
  • Senescence in the Wild
  • Senescence and the Developmental Environment: Compensatory Growth, Maternal Effects and Hormesis
  • References
  • Chapter 17 Linking Physiology, Climate, and Species Distributional Ranges
  • Introduction
  • Limits to Geographic Ranges: Examples Involving Capacities and Tolerances
  • Limits to Geographic Ranges: Examples Involving Tolerances and Plasticity
  • Proximate Causes behind Macrophysiological Patterns
  • Conclusions and Future Directions
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter 18 Trade-offs and Biological Diversity: Integrative Answers to Ecological Questions
  • Introduction
  • Resource Availability and Environmental Gradients: The Importance of Body Size
  • Ecological Defense: Guarding against Natural Enemies
  • Abiotic Challenges: The Costs of Adaptation
  • Evolutionary Trade-Offs and the Distributions of Species
  • Are Trade-Offs Universal?
  • Trade-Offs, Integrative Biology, and Moving Forward
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter 19 Conclusions: The Central Role of the Organism in Biology
  • Introduction
  • How Do Complex Traits Interact with Complex Environments?.
  • Where Does Organismal Diversity Come From and How Does It Evolve?.

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