Nuclear Ambitions and Issues in the Middle East.
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Author / Creator: | |
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Format: | eBook Electronic |
Language: | English |
Imprint: | Hauppauge : Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2010. |
Series: | Politics and Economics of the Middle East
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Subjects: | |
Local Note: | Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2022. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries. |
Online Access: | Click to View |
Table of Contents:
- Intro
- NUCLEAR AMBITIONS AND ISSUES IN THE MIDDLE EAST
- NUCLEAR AMBITIONS AND ISSUES IN THE MIDDLE EAST
- CONTENTS
- PREFACE
- Chapter 1 IRAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM: TEHRAN'S COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS
- Summary
- Introduction
- Background
- Iran and the IAEA
- Potential Noncompliance since September 2005
- Iran and the U.N. Security Council
- Authority for IAEA and U.N. Security Council Actions
- IAEA Statute
- U.N. Charter and the Security Council
- Has Iran Violated the NPT?27
- Appendix A. Iranian Noncompliance with Its IAEA Safeguards Agreement
- Appendix B. Extended Remarks by William Foster Regarding Possible NPT Article II Violations
- End Notes
- Chapter 2 IRAN SANCTIONS
- Summary
- Overview
- The Iran Sanctions Act (ISA)
- Key Provisions/"Triggers" and Available Sanctions
- Waiver and Termination Authority
- Iran Freedom Support Act Amendments
- Effectiveness and Ongoing Challenges
- Energy Routes and Refinery Investment
- Refinery Construction
- Significant Purchase Agreements
- Efforts in the 110th Congress to Expand ISA Application
- Legislation in the 111th Congress: Targeting Gasoline Sales
- Likely Effects of the Iran Refined Petroleum Sanctions Act
- Relationships to Other U.S. Sanctions
- Ban on U.S. Trade and Investment with Iran
- Application to Foreign Subsidiaries of U.S. Firms
- Treasury Department "Targeted Financial Measures"
- Terrorism-Related Sanctions
- Executive Order 13224
- Proliferation-Related Sanctions
- Relations to International Sanctions
- Efforts to Promote Divestment and Internet Freedom
- Efforts to Prevent Internet Monitoring by Iran
- Blocked Iranian Property and Assets
- End Notes
- Chapter 3 PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR WEAPONS: PROLIFERATION AND SECURITY ISSUES
- Summary
- Background
- Nuclear Weapons
- Responding to India?
- Delivery Vehicles.
- Nuclear Doctrine
- Command and Control
- Security Concerns
- Proliferation Threat
- Pakistan's Response to the Proliferation Threat
- Issues for Congress
- End Notes
- Chapter 4 IRAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM: STATUS
- Summary
- Background
- Recent Nuclear Controversy
- October 2009 Geneva Meeting33
- Iran's Cooperation with the IAEA
- Status of Iran's Nuclear Programs
- Fuel Manufacturing Plant
- Uranium Enrichment
- Qom Facility76
- Plutonium
- Arak Reactor
- Bushehr Reactor
- Does Iran Have a Nuclear Weapons Program?
- The 2007 National Intelligence Estimate
- Living with Risk
- Other Constraints on Nuclear Weapons Ambitions
- End Notes
- Chapter 5 THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES NUCLEAR PROGRAM AND PROPOSED U.S. NUCLEAR COOPERATION
- Summary
- The United Arab Emirates: Background and U.S. Relations
- The United Arab Emirates Nuclear Program
- Rationale
- Development Plans
- Current Infrastructure and Regulatory Regime
- Proposed U.S.-UAE Cooperation
- Memorandum of Understanding
- Proposed Bilateral Agreement Pursuant to Section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954
- Nuclear Cooperation Agreements, Approval Process, and Proposed Changes
- Issues for Congress
- Congressional Concerns
- Export Control Concerns
- Nonproliferation Concerns
- Human Rights Concerns
- Possible Diplomatic Implications
- Shaping Nonproliferation Standards and Best Practices
- Commercial Opportunities
- Bilateral Relations and UAE Cooperation in Nonproliferation Activities
- Legislative Developments in the 110th and 111th Congress
- Appendix. Provisions in U.S. Nuclear Cooperation Agreements with the UAE and Egypt Relevant to Establishing Standards for other Such Agreements
- UAE
- Egypt
- End Notes
- Chapter 6 U.S. NUCLEAR COOPERATION WITH INDIA: ISSUES FOR CONGRESS
- Summary
- Recent Developments
- Background.
- Global Partnership7
- Issues for Consideration
- Strategy vs. Tactics
- Impact on U.S. Nonproliferation Policies
- Iran
- Reported Indian Transfers of WMD-related items to Iran29
- Restricting Enrichment and Reprocessing
- Other Priorities
- Impact on the Nonproliferation Regime
- NSG Cohesion
- Effect on NPT Member States
- Missed Opportunities
- U.S. NPT Article I Obligations/Aiding India's Nuclear Arsenal
- Separation Plan Credibility
- Conferring Nuclear Weapon-State Status
- Offsetting India's Uranium Shortage
- Steps Required by P.L. 109-401
- Separation Plan and Safeguards69
- India-IAEA Discussions/Domestic Opposition78
- India's Safeguards Agreement86
- NSG Support
- India's Nuclear Cooperation with the United States and Other Countries
- Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage
- Other Required Steps
- Additional Protocol
- Declaration of Nuclear Facilities
- Harmonization with NSG/MTCR Guidelines and Adherence to NSG Guidelines
- The Atomic Energy Act and Consultations with Congress
- Agreements for Cooperation
- Export Licensing
- Termination of Cooperation
- P.L. 109-401128
- President's Signing Statement
- Issues for Congress
- The Nuclear Cooperation Agreement
- Sensitive Nuclear Technology Transfers
- Nuclear Testing/Right of Return
- Fuel Supply
- P.L. 110-369-Key Provisions
- Declarations of Policy
- Certification Requirements
- Reporting Requirements
- Procedures for Subsequent Arrangements
- Appendix. India's September 5, 2008, Statement on Disarmament and Nonproliferation
- End Notes
- CHAPTER SOURCES
- INDEX
- Blank Page.