Nuclear Ambitions and Issues in the Middle East.

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator: Cohen, Nathan E.
Format: eBook Electronic
Language:English
Imprint: Hauppauge : Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2010.
Series:Politics and Economics of the Middle East
Subjects:
Local Note:Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2022. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • NUCLEAR AMBITIONS AND ISSUES IN THE MIDDLE EAST
  • NUCLEAR AMBITIONS AND ISSUES IN THE MIDDLE EAST
  • CONTENTS
  • PREFACE
  • Chapter 1 IRAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM: TEHRAN'S COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS
  • Summary
  • Introduction
  • Background
  • Iran and the IAEA
  • Potential Noncompliance since September 2005
  • Iran and the U.N. Security Council
  • Authority for IAEA and U.N. Security Council Actions
  • IAEA Statute
  • U.N. Charter and the Security Council
  • Has Iran Violated the NPT?27
  • Appendix A. Iranian Noncompliance with Its IAEA Safeguards Agreement
  • Appendix B. Extended Remarks by William Foster Regarding Possible NPT Article II Violations
  • End Notes
  • Chapter 2 IRAN SANCTIONS
  • Summary
  • Overview
  • The Iran Sanctions Act (ISA)
  • Key Provisions/"Triggers" and Available Sanctions
  • Waiver and Termination Authority
  • Iran Freedom Support Act Amendments
  • Effectiveness and Ongoing Challenges
  • Energy Routes and Refinery Investment
  • Refinery Construction
  • Significant Purchase Agreements
  • Efforts in the 110th Congress to Expand ISA Application
  • Legislation in the 111th Congress: Targeting Gasoline Sales
  • Likely Effects of the Iran Refined Petroleum Sanctions Act
  • Relationships to Other U.S. Sanctions
  • Ban on U.S. Trade and Investment with Iran
  • Application to Foreign Subsidiaries of U.S. Firms
  • Treasury Department "Targeted Financial Measures"
  • Terrorism-Related Sanctions
  • Executive Order 13224
  • Proliferation-Related Sanctions
  • Relations to International Sanctions
  • Efforts to Promote Divestment and Internet Freedom
  • Efforts to Prevent Internet Monitoring by Iran
  • Blocked Iranian Property and Assets
  • End Notes
  • Chapter 3 PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR WEAPONS: PROLIFERATION AND SECURITY ISSUES
  • Summary
  • Background
  • Nuclear Weapons
  • Responding to India?
  • Delivery Vehicles.
  • Nuclear Doctrine
  • Command and Control
  • Security Concerns
  • Proliferation Threat
  • Pakistan's Response to the Proliferation Threat
  • Issues for Congress
  • End Notes
  • Chapter 4 IRAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM: STATUS
  • Summary
  • Background
  • Recent Nuclear Controversy
  • October 2009 Geneva Meeting33
  • Iran's Cooperation with the IAEA
  • Status of Iran's Nuclear Programs
  • Fuel Manufacturing Plant
  • Uranium Enrichment
  • Qom Facility76
  • Plutonium
  • Arak Reactor
  • Bushehr Reactor
  • Does Iran Have a Nuclear Weapons Program?
  • The 2007 National Intelligence Estimate
  • Living with Risk
  • Other Constraints on Nuclear Weapons Ambitions
  • End Notes
  • Chapter 5 THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES NUCLEAR PROGRAM AND PROPOSED U.S. NUCLEAR COOPERATION
  • Summary
  • The United Arab Emirates: Background and U.S. Relations
  • The United Arab Emirates Nuclear Program
  • Rationale
  • Development Plans
  • Current Infrastructure and Regulatory Regime
  • Proposed U.S.-UAE Cooperation
  • Memorandum of Understanding
  • Proposed Bilateral Agreement Pursuant to Section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954
  • Nuclear Cooperation Agreements, Approval Process, and Proposed Changes
  • Issues for Congress
  • Congressional Concerns
  • Export Control Concerns
  • Nonproliferation Concerns
  • Human Rights Concerns
  • Possible Diplomatic Implications
  • Shaping Nonproliferation Standards and Best Practices
  • Commercial Opportunities
  • Bilateral Relations and UAE Cooperation in Nonproliferation Activities
  • Legislative Developments in the 110th and 111th Congress
  • Appendix. Provisions in U.S. Nuclear Cooperation Agreements with the UAE and Egypt Relevant to Establishing Standards for other Such Agreements
  • UAE
  • Egypt
  • End Notes
  • Chapter 6 U.S. NUCLEAR COOPERATION WITH INDIA: ISSUES FOR CONGRESS
  • Summary
  • Recent Developments
  • Background.
  • Global Partnership7
  • Issues for Consideration
  • Strategy vs. Tactics
  • Impact on U.S. Nonproliferation Policies
  • Iran
  • Reported Indian Transfers of WMD-related items to Iran29
  • Restricting Enrichment and Reprocessing
  • Other Priorities
  • Impact on the Nonproliferation Regime
  • NSG Cohesion
  • Effect on NPT Member States
  • Missed Opportunities
  • U.S. NPT Article I Obligations/Aiding India's Nuclear Arsenal
  • Separation Plan Credibility
  • Conferring Nuclear Weapon-State Status
  • Offsetting India's Uranium Shortage
  • Steps Required by P.L. 109-401
  • Separation Plan and Safeguards69
  • India-IAEA Discussions/Domestic Opposition78
  • India's Safeguards Agreement86
  • NSG Support
  • India's Nuclear Cooperation with the United States and Other Countries
  • Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage
  • Other Required Steps
  • Additional Protocol
  • Declaration of Nuclear Facilities
  • Harmonization with NSG/MTCR Guidelines and Adherence to NSG Guidelines
  • The Atomic Energy Act and Consultations with Congress
  • Agreements for Cooperation
  • Export Licensing
  • Termination of Cooperation
  • P.L. 109-401128
  • President's Signing Statement
  • Issues for Congress
  • The Nuclear Cooperation Agreement
  • Sensitive Nuclear Technology Transfers
  • Nuclear Testing/Right of Return
  • Fuel Supply
  • P.L. 110-369-Key Provisions
  • Declarations of Policy
  • Certification Requirements
  • Reporting Requirements
  • Procedures for Subsequent Arrangements
  • Appendix. India's September 5, 2008, Statement on Disarmament and Nonproliferation
  • End Notes
  • CHAPTER SOURCES
  • INDEX
  • Blank Page.