Costa Rica Five Years after CAFTA-DR : Assessing Early Results.
For Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic"Central America free trade agreement (CAFTA-DR) has been more than a trade agreement. Costa Rica has used trade liberalization and promotion of international trade as a core development strategy for decades. CAFTA-DR consolidated benefits that had previou...
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Author / Creator: | |
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Other Authors / Creators: | Sanchez, Susana M. |
Format: | eBook Electronic |
Language: | English |
Edition: | 1st ed. |
Imprint: | Washington : World Bank Publications, 2015. |
Series: | Directions in Development - Trade
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Subjects: | |
Local Note: | Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2022. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries. |
Online Access: | Click to View |
Table of Contents:
- Front Cover
- Contents
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- Contributors
- Abbreviations
- Overview
- Trade and FDI Patterns
- The High-Tech Sector: FDI and Export Performance
- Insurance: The End of a Monopoly and a New Beginning for a Market
- Telecommunications and the End of Another Monopoly
- Intellectual Property Rights in CAFTA-DR and the Link to Pharmaceuticals in Costa Rica
- Chapter 1 The Context of CAFTA-DR in Costa Rica
- Introduction
- CAFTA-DR in Historical Context
- Economic Arguments for and against CAFTA-DR at the Time of Ratification
- Legal and Regulatory Changes with CAFTA-DR
- Trade and FDI Patterns with CAFTA-DR
- Notes
- References
- Chapter 2 CAFTA-DR and the High-Tech Sector: FDI and Export Performance
- Introduction
- The Impacts of FTAs on FDI and Exports in Costa Rica's High-Tech Sector
- CAFTA-DR and FDI in the High-Tech Sector: Evidence from Secondary Data
- CAFTA-DR and Exports in the High-Tech Sector: Evidence from Secondary Data
- CAFTA-DR, FDI, and MNC Performance in the High-Tech Sector: Findings from Online Surveys
- CAFTA-DR, FDI, and Exports in the High-Tech Sector: Findings from Structured Interviews
- Notes
- References
- Chapter 3 Insurance: The End of a Monopoly, and a New Beginning for a Market
- Introduction and Summary
- Legislative Change
- Market Dynamics
- Comparison with CAFTA-DR and Latin American Countries
- Interpreting Recent Developments
- Outlook
- Notes
- Chapter 4 Telecommunications and the End of Another Monopoly
- Introduction and Summary
- Legal and Regulatory Developments
- The Entry of Private Mobile Service Providers
- Liberalization Drives Improvements in Access to Telecommunications Services
- Fixed-Line Telephone Services
- Fixed Internet
- Mobile Broadband Services.
- Household Access to Telecommunications Services, Prices, and Quality of Services
- Fixed Internet Services
- Mobile Services
- Mobile Broadband
- Penetration in Rural Areas versus Urban Areas: FONATEL
- The Contribution of the Telecommunications Sector to the Costa Rican Economy
- Notes
- References
- Chapter 5 Intellectual Property Rights in CAFTA-DR and Pharmaceuticals in Costa Rica
- Introduction
- Intellectual Property Regulations for Pharmaceuticals in International Trade Treaties
- Data Protection, New Chemical Entities, and Patent Linkages after CAFTA-DR
- How Have CAFTA-DR's IP Rules Affected the CCSS?
- Notes
- References
- Appendix A Legal Changes under CAFTA-DR
- Note
- Appendix B Costa Rica's Trade Partners
- Appendix C Gravity Model
- Introduction and Literature
- Data
- Model
- Methodology and Results
- Notes
- References
- Boxes
- Box 2.1 Survey of Multinational Companies in High-Tech Sectors
- Box 3.1 Comparing the Czech Republic, Poland, and Uruguay
- Figures
- Figure 1.1 Costa Rican Exports (FOB) to the United States, 2002-12
- Figure 1.2 U.S. Imports (CIF) from CAFTA-DR Countries, 1980-2012
- Figure 1.3 Costa Rican Quarterly Exports to the United States, 1997-2012
- Figure 1.4 Costa Rican Quarterly Imports from the United States, 1997-2012
- Figure 1.5 Composition of Total Exports of Costa Rican Goods (FOB), 1997-2013
- Figure 1.6 Costa Rican Export Concentration Index of Agricultural Goods Relative to World Average, 1994-2011
- Figure 1.7 FDI Inflows to Costa Rica by Country of Origin, 1997-2012
- Figure 1.8 FDI Inflows to Costa Rica by Sector, 2004 versus 2012
- Figure 2.1 Net FDI Inflows, 2000-11
- Figure 2.2 FDI Inflows by Country of Origin
- Figure 2.3 Number of MNCs in High-Tech Sectors
- Figure 2.4 Average FDI Inflows in High-Tech Sector.
- Figure 2.5 Costa Rica's Exports and Imports of Goods and Services, 1990-2011
- Figure 2.6 Exports of Costa Rica's FTZs, 2002-12
- Figure 2.7 Exports of High-Tech and Low-Tech Sectors of Costa Rica, 2004-12
- Figure 2.8 Exports of Costa Rica to the United States by Sector, 2002-12
- Figure 2.9 High-Tech Sector Exports in Costa Rica, 2000-11
- Figure 2.10 Number of Surveyed Firms by Product Line of First Investment
- Figure 2.11 Top Three Reasons for Last Investment in Costa Rica by Product Line of Last Investment
- Figure 3.1 Explaining Non-Life Insurance Penetration Trends
- Figure 3.2 Insurance Penetration Following Liberalization
- Figure 3.3 Pace and Direction of Liberalization on Market Shares: Costa Rica Follows a Well-Worn Path
- Figure 4.1 Sector Structure before and after CAFTA-DR
- Figure 4.2 Mobile Cellular Lines in Costa Rica, 2003-12
- Figure 4.3 Mobile Cellular Lines per 100 Inhabitants, Costa Rica and Selected Countries, 2003-12
- Figure 4.4 Fixed Telephone Lines per 100 Inhabitants, Costa Rica and Selected Countries, 2003-12
- Figure 4.5 Fixed Internet Connections in Costa Rica, 2006-12
- Figure 4.6 Fixed Internet Connections per 100 Inhabitants, Costa Rica and Selected Countries, 2003-12
- Figure 4.7 Mobile Broadband Connections in Costa Rica, 2009-12
- Figure 4.8 Mobile Broadband Connections per 100 Inhabitants, Costa Rica and Selected Countries, 2005-12
- Figure 4.9 Usage of Telecommunications Services in Costa Rica
- Figure 4.10 Fixed Internet Download Speeds in Costa Rica, 2007-12
- Figure 4.11 Fixed Internet Prices of One Mbps, Selected Countries, 2012
- Figure 4.12 Cellular Prepaid Prices in U.S. Cents per Minute, Peak for Latin American Countries, 2010
- Figure 4.13 Mobile Broadband Rates for Selected Countries
- Figure 4.14 Telecommunications Sector, 2006-12.
- Figure 5.1 Registration of Active Ingredients with the Ministry of Health in Costa Rica, 2003-12
- Figure 5.2 Costa Rica Patent Requests, 2000-12
- Figure 5.3 Costa Rica Patent Issues, 2000-12
- Figure 5.4 CCSS Expenditures for Health Care and Medicine
- Figure 5.5 Percentage Distribution of CCSS Medicine Expenditures by Therapeutic Group, 2007-12
- Figure 5.6 CCSS Medicine Purchases by Type, 2003-12
- Figure C.1 Costa Rican Quarterly Exports to the United States, 1997-2012
- Figure C.2 Costa Rican Quarterly Imports from the United States, 1997-2012
- Tables
- Table 1.1 Top Export Products, Percentage of Total Exports, 2003-12
- Table 2.1 Responses: How CAFTA-DR Impacted Firm Performance, Percentage of Surveyed Firms
- Table 3.1 Trends in Market Size and Development
- Table 3.2 Insurers Operating in Costa Rica since Liberalization
- Table 3.3 Competition, Development, and Performance Indicators
- Table 3.4 Total Assets (CRC Millions)
- Table 3.5 Expense Ratios (Expenses as Percentage of Premiums)
- Table 3.6 Comparative Insurance Market Data in CAFTA-DR and Latin America
- Table B3.1.1 Comparative Statistics for Costa Rica, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Uruguay
- Table 4.1 Concessions for Mobile Telecommunications Service, US
- Table 4.2 Phases and Criteria for Cellular Concessions in Costa Rica
- Table 4.3 Fixed Internet Prices in Costa Rica, US per Month, August 2013
- Table 4.4 Cellular Prepaid Rates, US, 2008
- Table 4.5 Tariffs, Prices, and Equivalent Tariffs for Selected Services
- Table 4.6 Estimation of Consumer Surplus for Internet Access Services
- Table 5.1 Pharmaceutical Products with Patent Linkage Protection
- Table A.1 Legal Changes under CAFTA-DR
- Table B.1 Stylized Facts on Regional Trade Patterns
- Table C.1 OLS Estimation of Equation (1) Exports
- Table C.2 OLS Estimation of Equation (2) Imports.